Emission Factors for Crop Residue and Prescribed Fires in the Eastern US During FIREX-AQ
- Creators
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Travis, Katherine R.
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Crawford, James. H.
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Soja, Amber J.
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Gargulinski, Emily M.
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Moore, Richard H.
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Wiggins, Elizabeth B.
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Diskin, Glenn S.
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DiGangi, Joshua P.
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Nowak, John B.
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Halliday, Hannah
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Yokelson, Robert J.
- McCarty, Jessica L.
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Simpson, Isobel J.
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Blake, Donald R.
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Meinardi, Simone
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Hornbrook, Rebecca S.
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Apel, Eric C.
- Hills, Alan J.
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Warneke, Carsten
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Coggon, Matthew M.
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Rollins, Andrew W.
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Gilman, Jessica B.
- Womack, Caroline C.
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Robinson, Michael A.
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Katich, Joseph M.
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Peischl, Jeff
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Gkatzelis, Georgios I.
- Bourgeois, Ilann
- Rickly, Pamela S.
- Lamplugh, Aaron
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Dibb, Jack E.
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Jimenez, Jose L.
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Campuzano‐Jost, Pedro
- Day, Douglas A.
- Guo, Hongyu
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Pagonis, Demetrios
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Wennberg, Paul O.1
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Crounse, John D.1
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Xu, Lu1, 2
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Hanisco, Thomas F.
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Wolfe, Glenn M.
- Liao, Jin
- St. Clair, Jason M.
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Nault, Benjamin A.
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Fried, Alan
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Perring, Anne E.
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1.
California Institute of Technology
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2.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Abstract
Agricultural and prescribed burning activities emit large amounts of trace gases and aerosols on regional to global scales. We present a compilation of emission factors (EFs) and emission ratios from the eastern portion of the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) campaign in 2019 in the United States, which sampled burning of crop residues and other prescribed fire fuels. FIREX‐AQ provided comprehensive chemical characterization of 53 crop residue and 22 prescribed fires. Crop residues burned at different modified combustion efficiencies (MCE), with corn residue burning at higher MCE than other fuel types. Prescribed fires burned at lower MCE (<0.90) which is typical, while grasslands burned at lower MCE (0.90) than normally observed due to moist, green, growing season fuels. Most non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were significantly anticorrelated with MCE except for ethanol and NMVOCs that were measured with less certainty. We identified 23 species where crop residue fires differed by more than 50% from prescribed fires at the same MCE. Crop residue EFs were greater for species related to agricultural chemical use and fuel composition as well as oxygenated NMVOCs possibly due to the presence of metals such as potassium. Prescribed EFs were greater for monoterpenes (5×). FIREX‐AQ crop residue average EFs generally agreed with the previous agricultural fire study in the US but had large disagreements with global compilations. FIREX‐AQ observations show the importance of regionally‐specific and fuel‐specific EFs as first steps to reduce uncertainty in modeling the air quality impacts of fire emissions.
Copyright and License
© 2023 The Authors. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Acknowledgement
We acknowledge Armin Wisthaler and Laura Tomsche for their helpful conversations about their ammonia measurement. We acknowledge Jeffrey Pierce, Holly Nowell, and Charley Fite for helpful conversations.
Funding
RY acknowledges funding from NSF AGS 1748266 and NOAA AC4 Award Number: NA16OAR4310100. AF acknowledges funding from NASA Award Number: 80NSSC18K0628. POW, LX, and JDC thank NASA for support via 80NSSC18K0660 and 80NSSC21K1704. HG, DP, DD, PCJ, and JLJ acknowledge funding from NASA Grants #80NSSC18K0630 and #80NSSC21K1451. This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. ECA, AJH, and RSH acknowledge funding from NASA Award No. 80NSSC18K0633. DRB, SM, and IJS acknowledge funding from NASA Award Number 80NSSC18K0632. TFH, GMW, JL, and JMSC were supported by NASA Tropospheric Composition Program and NOAA AC4 grant NA17OAR4310004. CCW, MAR, and JMK were supported in part by the NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17OAR4320101 with CIRES. We acknowledge Samuel R. Hall and Kirk Ullmann for use of the CAFS data (NASA Award Number: 80NSSC18K0638).
Data Availability
FIREX-AQ observations are available at https://doi.org/10.5067/SUBORBITAL/FIREXAQ2019/DATA001. The specific observations used in this work have been compiled at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7884392. Analysis code is provided at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8276726.
Errata
The originally published version of this article contained a typographical error. In the twelfth sentence of the first paragraph of Section 4.7, the value “7% (35%)” should be “81% (35%).” The error has been corrected, and this may be considered the authoritative version of record.
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Additional details
- National Science Foundation
- AGS-1748266
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NA16OAR4310100
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K0628
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K0660
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC21K1704
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K0630
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC21K1451
- National Science Foundation
- AGS-1852977
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K0633
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K0632
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NA17OAR4310004
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NA17OAR4320101
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K0638
- Available
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2023-09-18Available Online
- Accepted
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2023-08-25Manuscript Accepted
- Caltech groups
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- Publication Status
- Published