Nanoscale engineering and dynamic stabilization of mesoscopic spin textures
Creators
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Harkins, Kieren1
- Fleckenstein, Christoph2
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D'Souza, Noella1
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Schindler, Paul M.3
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Marchiori, David1
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Artiaco, Claudia2
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Reynard-Feytis, Quentin1
- Basumallick, Ushoshi1
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Beatrez, William1
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Pillai, Arjun1
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Hagn, Matthias1
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Nayak, Aniruddha1
- Breuer, Samantha1
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Lv, Xudong1, 4
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McAllister, Maxwell1
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Reshetikhin, Paul1
- Druga, Emanuel1
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Bukov, Marin3
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Ajoy, Ashok1, 5, 6
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1.
University of California, Berkeley
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2.
Royal Institute of Technology
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3.
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems
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4.
California Institute of Technology
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5.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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6.
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Abstract
Thermalization, while ubiquitous in physics, has traditionally been viewed as an obstacle to be mitigated. In contrast, we demonstrate here the use of thermalization in the generation, control, and readout of "shell-like" spin textures with interacting 13 C nuclear spins in diamond, wherein spins are polarized oppositely on either side of a critical radius. The textures span several nanometers and encompass many hundred spins; they are created and interrogated without manipulating the nuclear spins individually. Long-time stabilization is achieved via prethermalization to a Floquet-engineered Hamiltonian under the electronic gradient field: The texture is therefore metastable and robust against spin diffusion. This enables the state to endure over multiple minutes before it decays. Our work on spin-state engineering paves the way for applications in quantum simulation and nanoscale imaging.
Copyright and License
© 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
Acknowledgement
We thank J. H. Bardarson, T. Klein Kvorning, R. Moessner, C. Ramanathan, J. Reimer, and D. Suter for insightful discussions and J. Mercade (Tabor Electronics) for technical assistance.
Funding
This work was supported by ONR (N00014-20-1-2806), AFOSR YIP (FA9550-23-1-0106), AFOSR DURIP (FA9550-22-1-0156), a Google Faculty Research Award, and the CIFAR Azrieli Foundation (GS23-013). C.F. and C.A. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 101001902). M.B. and P.M.S. were funded by the European Union (ERC, QuSimCtrl, 101113633). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The computations with the LITE algorithm were enabled by resources provided by the National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS) and the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Tetralith partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement nos. 2022-06725 and 2018-05973. Classical simulations were performed on the MPI PKS HPC cluster.
Data Availability
All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Datasets can be accessed in the Zenodo repository with the identifier https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11658424. The NV diamond sample can be provided by Element Six pending scientific review and a completed material transfer agreement. Requests for the NV diamond should be submitted to Element Six.
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Additional details
Related works
- Is supplemented by
- Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.11658424 (DOI)
Funding
- Office of Naval Research
- N00014-20-1-2806
- United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- YIP FA9550-23-1-0106
- United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- DURIP FA9550-22-1-0156
- Google (United States)
- Faculty Research Award -
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- GS23-013
- Azrieli Foundation
- European Research Council
- Horizon 2020 101001902
- European Research Council
- QuSimCtrl 101113633
Dates
- Accepted
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2024-02-24Accepted