ShakeAlert® Version 3: Expected Performance in Large Earthquakes

Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G21AC10525 to UC Berkeley, Number G21AC10532 to ETH Zurich, Number G21AC10523 to Central Washington University, Number G21AC10561 to Caltech.

ShakeAlert code is governed by an intellectual property agreement among the contributing authors. The ShakeAlert code is not publicly released. The Apache ActiveMQ software is available at https://activemq.apache.org (last accessed November 2024). The Apache Kafka software is available at https://kafka.apache.org (last accessed November 2024). ShakeAlert event summaries and parameters are available from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) via the contributor code “EW” through the National Earthquake Information Center’s (NEIC’s) catalog search tools at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/ (last accessed March 2024). ShakeAlert website https://www.shakealert.org (last accessed March 2024). All seismogram data used in this study are archived at either the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (Southern California Earthquake Data Center [SCEDC], 2013), the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (Northern California Earthquake Data Center [NCEDC], 2014), the Japanese National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience [NIED], 2019) or the EarthScope Consortium webservices (https://service.iris.edu/, last accessed December 2024). Data for the offline testing were obtained from the following seismic networks: (1) the AZ (ANZA; UC San Diego, 1982); (2) the BC (RESNOM; Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada [CICESE], Ensenada, 1980); (3) the BK (Berkeley Digital Seismic Network [BDSN], 2014, operated by the UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, which is archived at the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), doi: 10.7932/NCEDC); (4) the CC (Cascade Chain Volcano Monitoring; Cascades Volcano Observatory/USGS, 2001); (5) the CE (CSMIP; California Geological Survey, 1972); (6) the CI (SCSN; California Institute of Technology and USGS Pasadena, 1926); the CN (CNSN; Natural Resources Canada [NRCAN Canada], 1975); the IU (GSN; Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory/USGS, 2014); the NN (Nevada Seismic Network; University of Nevada, Reno, 1971); the NP (NSMP; U.S. Geological Survey, 1931); the NV (NEPTUNE; Ocean Networks Canada, 2009); the UO (PNSN‐UO; University of Oregon, 1990); the US (USNSN; Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory [ASL]/USGS, 1990); the UW (PNSN; University of Washington, 1963); and the WR (California Division of Water Resources). Geodetic data are available through Murray et al. (2023b) and NCEDC (2022). ComCat earthquake source information, ShakeMaps, and ShakeMap station observations were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, 2017, https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/, last accessed January 2024). The supplemental material contains tables that describe the evolution of the ShakeAlert software (Table S1) and the test suite (Table S2). It also contains Figures S1–S6.