Multispacecraft Observations of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2022 February 15–16

This work is a product of a community effort to investigate the 2022 February 15–16 event under the coordination of an active working group and a best-effort basis collaboration between scientists from the missions involved in this work. It has benefited tremendously from many helpful discussions and from the collaborative spirit within its members.

L.Y.K. acknowledges support through IS⊙IS funding. B.S.-C. acknowledges support through STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ST/V004115/1 and grant ST/Y000439/1. C.O.L. acknowledges support from the MAVEN project funded through the NASA Mars Exploration Program, the NASA LWS grants 80NSSC21K1325 and 80NSSC21K0119, and the NASA MDAP grant 80NSSC19K1224. L.R.-G. acknowledges the financial support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades FEDER/MCIU/AEI Project PID2019-104863RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101004159 (SERPENTINE). A.K. acknowledges financial support from NASA NNN06AA01C (SO-SIS Phase-E, PSP EPI-Lo) contract. E.P. acknowledges support from NASA's PSP-GI (No. 80NSSC22K0349), O2R (No. 80NSSC20K0285), LWS (No. 80NSSC19K0067), and LWS-SC (No. 80NSSC22K0893) programs. F.C. acknowledges the financial support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by ORAU through a contract with NASA, and the support of the Solar Orbiter mission. N.D., I.C.J., and A.F. are grateful for support by the Academy of Finland (SHOCKSEE, grant No. 346902). T.N.-C. acknowledges support through the Solar Orbiter mission (NASA). B.E. and the MSL/RAD data analysis are supported by NASA (SMD/Heliophysics and HEOMD/AES) under JPL subcontract #1273039 to Southwest Research Institute. V.K. received support from the STEREO/Waves and Wind/Waves projects.

We gratefully thank everyone who helped make the IS⊙IS instrument suite and PSP mission possible. The IS⊙IS data and visualization tools are available at https://spacephysics.princeton.edu/missions-instruments/isois. PSP was designed, built, and is operated by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory as part of NASA's Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). We are also thankful to the BepiColombo MAG and BERM teams who provided the data and assisted the data interpretation. Solar Orbiter is a space mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, operated by ESA. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. LASCO was constructed by a consortium of institutions: the Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, DC, USA), the Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie (Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany), the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale (Marseille, France), and the University of Birmingham (Birmingham, UK).

ENLIL simulation results have been provided by the CCMC at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) through their public Runs-on-Request system (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov; run ID Christina_Lee_101722_SH_1). The WSA model was developed by N. Arge, currently at NASA/GSFC, and the ENLIL Model was developed by D. Odstrcil, currently at George Mason University. Finally, L.Y.K. would like to thank the Princeton Space Physics research group for their useful suggestions and feedback that helped improve the quality of this article.