Published December 2023 | Published
Journal Article Open

Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. III. Recovery and Confirmation of a Temperate, Mildly Eccentric, Single-transit Jupiter Orbiting TOI-2010

  • 1. ROR icon University of Montreal
  • 2. Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx), Canada
  • 3. ROR icon University of California, Santa Cruz
  • 4. ROR icon Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
  • 5. Heising-Simons 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellow.
  • 6. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 7. ROR icon NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
  • 8. ROR icon Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
  • 9. ROR icon Sorbonne University
  • 10. ROR icon Haute-Provence Observatory
  • 11. ROR icon Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
  • 12. ROR icon University of Exeter
  • 13. ROR icon Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
  • 14. ROR icon University of Porto
  • 15. ROR icon Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics
  • 16. ROR icon Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica
  • 17. ROR icon Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology
  • 18. ROR icon The University of Texas at Austin
  • 19. ROR icon University of New Mexico
  • 20. ROR icon Pennsylvania State University
  • 21. ROR icon American Museum of Natural History
  • 22. ROR icon University of Southern Queensland
  • 23. ROR icon University of Oxford
  • 24. ROR icon Stephen F. Austin State University
  • 25. ROR icon Goddard Space Flight Center
  • 26. NPP Fellow.
  • 27. ROR icon Bishop's University
  • 28. ROR icon Princeton University
  • 29. ROR icon Johns Hopkins University
  • 30. Amateur Astronomer, 7507 52nd Pl NE, Marysville, WA 98270, USA
  • 31. Amateur Astronomer, 12812 SE 69th Place, Bellevue WA 98006, USA
  • 32. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 33. ROR icon Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception
  • 34. ROR icon University of California, Riverside
  • 35. UC Chancellor's Fellow.
  • 36. ROR icon Keele University
  • 37. ROR icon Ames Research Center
  • 38. ROR icon George Mason University
  • 39. ROR icon Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • 40. ROR icon University of Maryland, Baltimore
  • 41. Planetary Discoveries in Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA

Abstract

Large-scale exoplanet surveys like the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission are powerful tools for discovering large numbers of exoplanet candidates. Single-transit events are commonplace within the resulting candidate list due to the unavoidable limitation of the observing baseline. These single-transit planets often remain unverified due to their unknown orbital periods and consequent difficulty in scheduling follow-up observations. In some cases, radial velocity (RV) follow up can constrain the period enough to enable a future targeted transit detection. We present the confirmation of one such planet: TOI-2010 b. Nearly three years of RV coverage determined the period to a level where a broad window search could be undertaken with the Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite, detecting an additional transit. An additional detection in a much later TESS sector solidified our final parameter estimation. We find TOI-2010 b to be a Jovian planet (MP = 1.29 MJupRP = 1.05 RJup) on a mildly eccentric orbit (e = 0.21) with a period of P = 141.83403 days. Assuming a simple model with no albedo and perfect heat redistribution, the equilibrium temperature ranges from about 360 to 450 K from apastron to periastron. Its wide orbit and bright host star (V = 9.85) make TOI-2010 b a valuable test bed for future low-insolation atmospheric analysis.

Copyright and License

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

C.R.M. and D.L. acknowledge funding from the Trottier Family Foundation in their support of Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx). They also acknowledge individual funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. P.A.D. acknowledges support by a 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Heising-Simons Foundation and by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1903811.

S.D. is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant No. ST/V004735/1).

X.D. and T.Fo. acknowledge funding from the French National Research Agency in the framework of the Investissements d Avenir program (ANR-15-IDEX-02), through the funding of the "Origin of Life" project of the Grenoble-Alpes University.

E.M. acknowledges funding from FAPEMIG under project number APQ-02493-22 and research productivity grant No. 309829/2022-4 awarded by the CNPq, Brazil.

D.D. acknowledges support from the NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant 18-2XRP18_2-0136, and from the TESS Guest Investigator Program grants 80NSSC22K1353 and 80NSSC22K0185.

T.Fe. acknowledges support from the University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program.

K.A.C. and D.W.L. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT.

The authors would like to thank the on-duty telescope observers Patrick Newman, Owen Alfaro, Ben Chang, and William McLaughlin for their contribution in gathering the George Mason University Observatory data.

This paper made use of data collected by the TESS mission and are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center.

Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products.

We would like to thank the PIs of the TESS Guest Investigator programs that put TOI-2010 on the 2 minute (Steven Villanueva—G04195, Diana Dragomir—G04231, Andrej Prsa—G04171, Andrew Mayo—G04242, and James Davenport—G04039) and 20 s (Guadalupe Tovar Mendoza—G05121, and Daniel Huber—G05144) cadence lists.

This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; doi:10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.

We would like to thank and acknowledge the efforts of the TESS Single Transit Planet Candidate working group for working to keep tabs on and improving our understanding of long-period targets.

This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by the NSF.

Observations in the paper (Program ID: GN-2021A-LP-105) made use of the high-resolution imaging instrument 'Alopeke. 'Alopeke was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. 'Alopeke was mounted on the Gemini-North telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea).

This work is based on observations collected with the SOPHIE spectrograph on the 1.93 m telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (CNRS), France. We thank the staff of the Observatoire de Haute-Provence for their support at the 1.93 m telescope and on SOPHIE. We also thankfully acknowledge grants from CNES and the CNRS "Programme National de Planétologie."

This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.

Data Availability

This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Software References

Software: lightkurve (Lightkurve Collaboration et al. 2018), EXOFASTv2 (Eastman et al. 2019), ReaMatch (Kolbl et al. 2015), astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 201320182022), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), Numpy (van der Walt et al. 2011; Harris et al. 2020), tpfplotter, 57 ExoFile, 58 KeplerSpline (Vanderburg et al. 2016), TESS-SIP (Hedges et al. 2020), SpeckMatch (Petigura 2015; Petigura et al. 2017; Yee et al. 2017), AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), alnitak, 59 AUSTRAL (Endl et al. 2000), BANZAI-NRES (McCully et al. 2022), and PyAstronomy 60 (Czesla et al. 2019).

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Additional details

Created:
February 14, 2025
Modified:
February 14, 2025