A small-scale bacterial-based liquid Culture Method for Steinernema hermaphroditum
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1.
California Institute of Technology
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2.
Case Western Reserve University
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infect and kill their insect host with the help of symbiotic bacteria. The only known hermaphroditic (androdiecious) EPN, the clade IV Steinernema hermaphroditum, offers opportunities for exploring both parasitic and mutualistic symbiosis, as well as for evolutionary and developmental studies. Experimental and genetic analysis of this animal is now facilitated through the development of forward and reverse genetic tools and improved culturing techniques. Here, we describe a liquid-culture technique adapted for this worm. The method can be a starting point for the development of large-scale cultivation of the worm and provides a method to generate infective juveniles without an insect host and either with or without its native symbiotic bacteria.
Copyright and License (English)
© 2025 by the authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Acknowledgement (English)
We thank members of the Sternberg Lab for their support. We would especially like to thank Hillel Schwartz for his valuable suggestions and for the critical reading of the manuscript.
Funding (English)
The C. aquatica strain DA1877 was obtained from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC), which is funded by the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440).
This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Enabling Discovery through Genomics (EDGE).
Supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (United States) 2128267 to PWS.
Contributions (English)
Nathan Y. Rodak: Investigation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Chieh-Hsiang Tan: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Paul W. Sternberg: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Data Availability (English)
Database Reference ID: WBPaper00068074
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micropub-biology-001549.pdf
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Additional details
Identifiers
- PMCID
- PMC12082344
- PMID
- 40385373
Related works
- Describes
- Journal Article: 40385373 (PMID)
- Journal Article: PMC12082344 (PMCID)
Funding
- National Institutes of Health
- P40 OD010440
- National Science Foundation
- Enabling Discovery through Genomics (EDGE) -
- National Science Foundation
- IOS-2128267
Dates
- Accepted
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2025-04-25
- Available
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2025-04-28Published online
- Available
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2025-05-12Indexed