Clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging

Creators: Park, Jeongwoo^{1, 2}; Choi, Seongwook¹; Knieling, Ferdinand³; Clingman, Bryan⁴; Bohndiek, Sarah^{5, 6}; Wang, Lihong V.⁷; Kim, Chulhong^{1, 2, 8}

1. Pohang University of Science and Technology
2. Kyungpook National University
3. Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
4. Seno Medical (United States)
5. University of Cambridge
6. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Center
7. California Institute of Technology
8. Opticho Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), also known as optoacoustic imaging, is a promising biomedical imaging technique that combines the benefits of rich optical contrast and high ultrasonic spatial resolution to overcome the limited penetration depth of light in living subjects. Basic biomedical research conducted with PAI in preclinical studies has generated much interest and shown outstanding potential for clinical and commercial translation. PAI has captured morphological, functional and molecular information in studies of living animals and humans, providing intrinsic clinical indicators from early diagnosis through to treatment monitoring. This Review presents the fundamentals of PAI technology and various clinical PAI systems and addresses key findings from pilot and clinical patient studies of human organ systems. The Review also discusses technical and non-technical challenges in clinical scenarios, emphasizes the importance of standardization in accelerating clinical translation, and summarizes the current state of the PAI regulatory process.

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Acknowledgement

The authors’ work is supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03047902) and the Ministry of Science and ICT (2023R1A2C3004880); by the National R&D Program through the NRF funded by Ministry of Science and ICT (2021M3C1C3097624); by the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea Government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (9991007019, KMDF_PR_20200901_0008); and by the BK21 FOUR project. S.B. is supported by Cancer Research UK (C9545/A29580) and EPSRC (EP/R003599/1). IPASC are supported by EPSRC (EP/V027069/1).

Conflict of Interest

C.K. has financial interests in OPTICHO, which, however, did not support his work. B.C. has financial interests in Seno Medical Instruments, which, however, did not support his work. L.V.W. has a financial interest in Microphotoacoustics, Inc., CalPACT, LLC, and Union Photoacoustic Technologies, Ltd., which, however, did not support this work. F.K. has financial interests in iThera Medical GmbH, which, however, did not support his work. S.B. reports a relationship with iThera Medical GmbH that includes non-financial support. However, it did not support her work. The other authors declare no competing interests.

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