During the last 25 yr, hundreds of binary stars and planets have been discovered toward the Galactic bulge by microlensing surveys. Thanks to a new generation of large-sky surveys, it is now possible to regularly detect microlensing events across the entire sky. The OMEGA Key Projet at the Las Cumbres Observatory carries out automated follow-up observations of microlensing events alerted by these surveys with the aim of identifying and characterizing exoplanets as well as stellar remnants. In this study, we present the analysis of the binary lens event Gaia20bof. By automatically requesting additional observations, the OMEGA Key Project obtained dense time coverage of an anomaly near the peak of the event, allowing characterization of the lensing system. The observed anomaly in the lightcurve is due to a binary lens. However, several models can explain the observations. Spectroscopic observations indicate that the source is located at ≤2.0 kpc, in agreement with the parallax measurements from Gaia. While the models are currently degenerate, future observations, especially the Gaia astrometric time series as well as high-resolution imaging, will provide extra constraints to distinguish between them.
A Close Binary Lens Revealed by the Microlensing Event Gaia20bof
- Creators
- Bachelet, E.
- Rota, P.
- Bozza, V.
- Zieliński, P.
- Tsapras, Y.
- Hundertmark, M.
- Wambsganss, J.
- Wyrzykowski, Ł.
- Mikołajczyk, P. J.
- Street, R. A.
- Figuera Jaimes, R.
- Cassan, A.
- Dominik, M.
- Buckley, D. A. H.
- Awiphan, S.
- Nakhaharutai, N.
- Zola, S.
- Rybicki, K. A.
- Gromadzki, M.
- Howil, K.
- Ihanec, N.
- Jabłońska, M.
- Kruszyńska, K.
- Kruszyńska, K.
- Pylypenko, U.
- Ratajczak, M.
- Sitek, M.
- Rabus, M.
Abstract
Copyright and License
© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Acknowledgement
E.B. gratefully acknowledge support from NASA grant 80NSSC19K0291. E.B.'s work was carried out within the framework of the ANR project COLD-WORLDS supported by the French National Agency for Research with the reference ANR-18-CE31-0002. This work was authored by employees of Caltech/IPAC under Contract No. 80GSFC21R0032 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France. Y.T. acknowledges the support of DFG priority program SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets" (TS 356/3-1). This work is supported by Polish NCN grants: Daina No. 2017/27/L/ST9/03221, Harmonia No. 2018/30/M/ST9/00311, and MNiSW grant DIR/WK/2018/12. The BHTOM project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101004719 (OPTICON-RadioNet Pilot, ORP). BHTOM acknowledges the following people who helped with its development: Patrik Sivak, Kacper Raciborski, Piotr Trzcionkowski, and AKOND company. This paper made use of the Whole Sky Database (wsdb) created by Sergey Koposov and maintained at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge by Sergey Koposov, Vasily Belokurov, and Wyn Evans with financial support from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and the European Research Council (ERC), with the use of the Q3C software (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ASPC..351..735K). R.F.J. acknowledges support for this project provided by ANID's Millennium Science Initiative through grant ICN12_009, awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), and by ANID's Basal project FB210003.
D.A.H.B. acknowledges support from the South African National Research Foundation. The SALT observations were obtained under the SALT Large Science Programme on transients (2018-2-LSP-001; PI: D.A.H.B.). Polish participation in SALT is funded by grant No. MEiN nr 2021/WK/01.
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Additional details
- ISSN
- 1538-3881
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC19K0291
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- ANR-18-CE31-0002
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80GSFC21R0032
- European Space Agency
- Gaia Multilateral Agreement
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- TS 356/3-1
- National Science Center
- 2017/27/L/ST9/03221
- National Science Center
- 2018/30/M/ST9/00311
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education
- DIR/WK/2018/12
- European Research Council
- 101004719
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- ICN12_009
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- FB210003
- National Research Foundation
- 2021/WK/01
- Caltech groups
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)