The First Hi-GAL Observations of the Outer Galaxy: A Look at Star Formation in the Third Galactic Quadrant in the Longitude Range 216.º5 ≾ ℓ ≾ 225.º5
Abstract
We present the first Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric observations in a portion of the outer Galaxy (216.º5≾ℓ≾ 225.º5 and –2°≾b≾0°) as a part of the Hi-GAL survey. The maps between 70 and 500 μm, the derived column density and temperature maps, and the compact source catalog are presented. NANTEN CO(1-0) line observations are used to derive cloud kinematics and distances so that we can estimate distance-dependent physical parameters of the compact sources (cores and clumps) having a reliable spectral energy distribution that we separate into 255 proto-stellar and 688 starless sources. Both typologies are found in association with all the distance components observed in the field, up to ~5.8 kpc, testifying to the presence of star formation beyond the Perseus arm at these longitudes. Selecting the starless gravitationally bound sources, we identify 590 pre-stellar candidates. Several sources of both proto- and pre-stellar nature are found to exceed the minimum requirement for being compatible with massive star formation based on the mass-radius relation. For the pre-stellar sources belonging to the Local arm (d ≾ 1.5 kpc) we study the mass function whose high-mass end shows a power law N(log M)∝M^(–1.0 ± 0.2). Finally, we use a luminosity versus mass diagram to infer the evolutionary status of the sources, finding that most of the proto-stellar sources are in the early accretion phase (with some cases compatible with a Class I stage), while for pre-stellar sources, in general, accretion has not yet started.
Additional Information
© 2013 American Astronomical Society. Received 2013 January 22; accepted 2013 April 25; published 2013 July 5. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); and IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESAPRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff Univ. (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); INAF-IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by the national funding agencies CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA). D.E., M.P., and K.J.L.R. are funded by an ASI fellowship under contract numbers I/005/11/0 and I/038/08/0. D.P. is funded through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" and is co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund) and Greek national funds. Facilities: Herschel.Attached Files
Published - 0004-637X_772_1_45.pdf
Submitted - 1304.7358v1.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 41210
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20130910-114342738
- BMVIT (Austria)
- ESA-PRODEX (Belgium)
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)
- DLR (Germany)
- I/005/11/0
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
- CICYT/MCYT (Spain)
- Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN)
- Swedish National Space Board (SNSB)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA)
- NASA
- I/038/080/0
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
- Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning"
- European Social Fund
- Greek national funds
- Created
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2013-09-10Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-10Created from EPrint's last_modified field