The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observed the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630–47 in the steep power-law (or very high) state. The observations reveal a linear polarization degree of the 2–8 keV X-rays of 6.8% ± 0.2% at a position angle of 213 ± 09 east of north (all errors at 1σ confidence level). Whereas the polarization degree increases with energy, the polarization angle stays constant within the accuracy of our measurements. We compare the polarization of the source in the steep power-law state with the previous IXPE measurement of the source in the high soft state. We find that, even though the source flux and spectral shape are significantly different between the high soft state and the steep power-law state, their polarization signatures are similar. Assuming that the polarization of both the thermal and power-law emission components are constant over time, we estimate the power-law component polarization to be 6.8%–7.0% and note that the polarization angle of the thermal and power-law components must be approximately aligned. We discuss the implications for the origin of the power-law component and the properties of the emitting plasma.
The First X-Ray Polarization Observation of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary 4U 1630–47 in the Steep Power-law State
Creators
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Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole1
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Marra, Lorenzo2
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Krawczynski, Henric1
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Dovčiak, Michal3
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Bianchi, Stefano2
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Steiner, James F.4
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Svoboda, Jiri3
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Capitanio, Fiamma5
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Matt, Giorgio2
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Negro, Michela6, 7
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Ingram, Adam8
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Veledina, Alexandra9, 10
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Taverna, Roberto11
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Karas, Vladimir3
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Ursini, Francesco2
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Podgorný, Jakub3, 12, 13
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Ratheesh, Ajay5
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Suleimanov, Valery14
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Mikušincová, Romana2
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Zane, Silvia15
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Kaaret, Philip16
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Muleri, Fabio5
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Poutanen, Juri9
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Malacaria, Christian17
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Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier18
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Gau, Ephraim1
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Hu, Kun1
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Chun, Sohee1
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Agudo, Iván19
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Antonelli, Lucio A.20, 21
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Bachetti, Matteo22
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Baldini, Luca23, 24
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Baumgartner, Wayne H.16
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Bellazzini, Ronaldo23
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Bongiorno, Stephen D.16
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Bonino, Raffaella25, 26
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Brez, Alessandro23
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Bucciantini, Niccolò27, 28, 29
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Castellano, Simone23
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Cavazzuti, Elisabetta21
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Chen, Chien-Ting30
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Ciprini, Stefano21, 31
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Costa, Enrico5
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De Rosa, Alessandra5
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Del Monte, Ettore5
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Di Gesu, Laura21
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Di Lalla, Niccolò32
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Di Marco, Alessandro5
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Donnarumma, Immacolata21
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Doroshenko, Victor14
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Ehlert, Steven R.16
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Enoto, Teruaki33
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Evangelista, Yuri5
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Fabiani, Sergio5
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Ferrazzoli, Riccardo5
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García, Javier A.34
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Gunji, Shuichi35
- Hayashida, Kiyoshi36
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Heyl, Jeremy37
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Iwakiri, Wataru38
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Jorstad, Svetlana G.39, 40
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Kislat, Fabian41
- Kitaguchi, Takao33
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Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.16
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La Monaca, Fabio5
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Latronico, Luca25
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Liodakis, Ioannis9
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Maldera, Simone25
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Manfreda, Alberto42
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Marin, Frédéric12
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Marinucci, Andrea21
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Marscher, Alan P.39
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Marshall, Herman L.43
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Massaro, Francesco25, 26
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Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki44
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Mizuno, Tsunefumi45
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Ng, Chi-Yung46
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O'Dell, Stephen L.16
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Omodei, Nicola32
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Oppedisano, Chiara25
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Papitto, Alessandro20
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Pavlov, George G.47
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Peirson, Abel L.32
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Perri, Matteo20, 21
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Pesce-Rollins, Melissa23
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Pilia, Maura22
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Possenti, Andrea22
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Puccetti, Simonetta21
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Ramsey, Brian D.16
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Rankin, John5
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Roberts, Oliver J.30
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Romani, Roger W.32
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Sgrò, Carmelo23
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Slane, Patrick4
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Spandre, Gloria23
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Soffitta, Paolo5
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Swartz, Douglas A.30
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Tamagawa, Toru33
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Tavecchio, Fabrizio48
- Tawara, Yuzuru44
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Tennant, Allyn F.16
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Thomas, Nicholas E.16
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Tombesi, Francesco31, 49
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Trois, Alessio22
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Tsygankov, Sergey S.9
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Turolla, Roberto11, 15
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Vink, Jacco50
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Weisskopf, Martin C.16
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Wu, Kinwah15
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Xie, Fei5, 51
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Washington University in St. Louis
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Roma Tre University
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Astronomical Institute
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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National Institute for Astrophysics
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University of Maryland, Baltimore County
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Goddard Space Flight Center
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Newcastle University
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University of Turku
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Stockholm University
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University of Padua
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Observatory of Strasbourg
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Charles University
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University of Tübingen
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University College London
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Marshall Space Flight Center
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International Space Science Institute
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Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
- 19. Instituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaCSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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Astronomical Observatory of Rome
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Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
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Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
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INFN Sezione di Pisa
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University of Pisa
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INFN Sezione di Torino
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University of Turin
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Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
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University of Florence
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INFN Sezione di Firenze
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Universities Space Research Association
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INFN Sezione di Roma II
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Stanford University
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RIKEN
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California Institute of Technology
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Yamagata University
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Osaka University
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University of British Columbia
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Chiba University
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Boston University
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St Petersburg University
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University of New Hampshire
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INFN Sezione di Napoli
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Nagoya University
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Hiroshima University
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University of Hong Kong
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Pennsylvania State University
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Brera Astronomical Observatory
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University of Rome Tor Vergata
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University of Amsterdam
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Guangxi University
Abstract
Copyright and License
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Acknowledgement
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a joint US and Italian mission. The US contribution is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and led and managed by its Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), with industry partner Ball Aerospace (contract NNM15AA18C). The Italian contribution is supported by the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, ASI) through contract ASI-OHBI-2022-13-I.0, agreements ASI-INAF-2022-19-HH.0 and ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0, and its Space Science Data Center (SSDC) with agreements ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0 and ASI-INFN 2021-43-HH.0, and by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. This research used data and software products or online services provided by the IXPE Team (MSFC, SSDC, INAF, and INFN) and distributed with additional software tools by the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). N.R.C. and H.K. acknowledge NASA support through the grants NNX16AC42G, 80NSSC20K0329, 80NSSC20K0540, NAS8-03060, 80NSSC21K1817, 80NSSC22K1291, and 80NSSC22K1883 as well as support from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences. M.D., J.S., V.K., and J.P. acknowledge the support from the Czech Science Foundation project GACR 21-06825X and the institutional support from the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences RVO:67985815. A.I. acknowledges support from the Royal Society. M.N. acknowledges the support by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. P.O.P. acknowledges financial support from the French High Energy Programme (PNHE) of the CNRS as well as from the French Space Agency (CNES).
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Additional details
Related works
- Is new version of
- Discussion Paper: arXiv:2305.10630 (arXiv)
Funding
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NNM15AA18C
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- ASI-OHBI-2022-13-I.0
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- ASI-INAF-2022-19-HH.0
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- ASI-INFN-2017.13-H0
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- ASI-INAF-2022-14-HH.0
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- ASI-INFN 2021-43-HH.0
- National Institute for Astrophysics
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NNX16AC42G
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC20K0329
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC20K0540
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NAS8-03060
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC21K1817
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC22K1291
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC22K1883
- Czech Science Foundation
- GACR 21-06825X
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- RVO:67985815
- Royal Society
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80GSFC21M0002
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales
Dates
- Accepted
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2023-09-11
- Available
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2023-11-16Published