Orbital Phase Variations of the Eccentric Giant Planet HAT-P-2b
- Creators
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Lewis, Nikole K.
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Knutson, Heather A.
- Showman, Adam P.
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Cowan, Nicolas B.
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Laughlin, Gregory
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Burrows, Adam
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Deming, Drake
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Crepp, Justin R.
- Mighell, Kenneth J.
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Agol, Eric
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Bakos, Gáspár Á.
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Charbonneau, David
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Désert, Jean-Michel
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Fischer, Debra A.
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Fortney, Jonathan J.
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Hartman, Joel D.
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Hinkley, Sasha
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Howard, Andrew W.
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Johnson, John Asher
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Kao, Melodie
- Langton, Jonathan
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Marcy, Geoffrey W.
Abstract
We present the first secondary eclipse and phase curve observations for the highly eccentric hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope. The 3.6 and 4.5 μm data sets span an entire orbital period of HAT-P-2b (P = 5.6334729 d), making them the longest continuous phase curve observations obtained to date and the first full-orbit observations of a planet with an eccentricity exceeding 0.2. We present an improved non-parametric method for removing the intrapixel sensitivity variations in Spitzer data at 3.6 and 4.5 μm that robustly maps position-dependent flux variations. We find that the peak in planetary flux occurs at 4.39 ± 0.28, 5.84 ± 0.39, and 4.68 ± 0.37 hr after periapse passage with corresponding maxima in the planet/star flux ratio of 0.1138% ± 0.0089%, 0.1162% ± 0.0080%, and 0.1888% ± 0.0072% in the 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0 μm bands, respectively. Our measured secondary eclipse depths of 0.0996% ± 0.0072%, 0.1031% ± 0.0061%, 0.071%^(+0.029%)_(-0.013%), and 0.1392% ± 0.0095% in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm bands, respectively, indicate that the planet cools significantly from its peak temperature before we measure the dayside flux during secondary eclipse. We compare our measured secondary eclipse depths to the predictions from a one-dimensional radiative transfer model, which suggests the possible presence of a transient day side inversion in HAT-P-2b's atmosphere near periapse. We also derive improved estimates for the system parameters, including its mass, radius, and orbital ephemeris. Our simultaneous fit to the transit, secondary eclipse, and radial velocity data allows us to determine the eccentricity (e = 0.50910 ± 0.00048) and argument of periapse (ω = 188°.09 ± 0°.39) of HAT-P-2b's orbit with a greater precision than has been achieved for any other eccentric extrasolar planet. We also find evidence for a long-term linear trend in the radial velocity data. This trend suggests the presence of another substellar companion in the HAT-P-2 system, which could have caused HAT-P-2b to migrate inward to its present-day orbit via the Kozai mechanism.
Additional Information
© 2013 American Astronomical Society. Received 2012 October 18; accepted 2013 February 19; published 2013 March 13. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by JPL/Caltech. N.K.L. was further supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (NNX08AX02H), Origins Program (NNX08AF27G), and in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. N.K.L. wishes to thank B. K. Jackson and J. A. Carter for many useful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript and the anonymous referee for their helpful suggestions.Attached Files
Published - 0004-637X_766_2_95.pdf
Accepted Version - 1302.5084.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 38255
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20130503-092758220
- NASA/JPL/Caltech
- NNX08AX02H
- NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship
- NNX08AF27G
- NASA
- Caltech
- NASA Sagan Fellowship
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- Created
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2013-05-03Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-09Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences