Sites of Planet Formation in Binary Systems. I. Evidence for Disk−Orbit Alignment in the Close Binary FO Tau

Copyright and License

© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank the referee for a constructive and helpful report. B.M.T. would like to thank Sam Factor, Kendall Sullivan, Neal Evans, and Stella Offner for helpful conversations. B.M.T. is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation's 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellowship in Planetary Astronomy.

G.H.S. acknowledges support from NASA Keck PI Data Awards administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (PI Schaefer; 2016B-N046N2, 2019B-N166). Time at the Keck Observatory was also granted through the NOIRLab (PropID: 2022B-970020; PI: G. Schaefer) supported by the NSF Mid-Scale Innovations Program. L.P. was supported in part by NSF awards AST-1313399 and AST-2109179. Contributions to the development of the synthetic spectral grid were made by Thomas Allen, Ian Avilez, Kyle Lindstrom, Cody Huls, and Shih-Yun Tang, all formerly at Lowell Observatory.

This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2019.1.01739.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.

Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.

This research has made use of the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck Observatory and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper. ¹⁵

Figures in this manuscript were created using color-impaired-friendly schemes from ColorBrewer 2.0. ¹⁶

The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.

We would like to acknowledge the Alabama-Coushatta, Caddo, Carrizo/Comecrudo, Coahuiltecan, Comanche, Kickapoo, Lipan Apache, Tonkawa, and Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo, and all of the American Indian and Indigenous Peoples and communities who have been or have become a part of the lands and territories of Texas.

Facilities

ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) - , Keck:II (NIRC2, NIRSPEC)

Software References

astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013; Price-Whelan et al. 2018), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), saphires (Tofflemire et al. 2019), scipy (Jones et al. 2001; Virtanen et al. 2020), RotBroadInt (Carvalho & Johns-Krull 2023)