ZTF SN Ia DR2: Overview

Creators: Rigault, M. (Corresponding)¹; Smith, M. (Corresponding)^{1, 2}; Goobar, A.³; Maguire, K.⁴; Dimitriadis, G.⁴; Johansson, J.³; Nordin, J.⁵; Burgaz, U.⁴; Dhawan, S.⁶; Sollerman, J.³; Regnault, N.⁷; Kowalski, M.^{8, 5}; Nugent, P.^{9, 10}; Andreoni, I.^{11, 12}; Amenouche, M.¹³; Aubert, M.¹⁴; Barjou-Delayre, C.¹⁴; Bautista, J.¹⁵; Bellm, E.¹⁶; Betoule, M.⁷; Bloom, J. S.^{10, 9}; Carreres, B.^{15, 17}; Chen, T. X.^{18, 19}; Copin, Y.¹; Deckers, M.⁴; de Jaeger, T.⁷; Feinstein, F.¹⁵; Fouchez, D.¹⁵; Fremling, C.¹⁸; Galbany, L.^{20, 21}; Ginolin, M.¹; Graham, M.¹⁸; Groom, S. L.^{18, 19}; Harvey, L.⁴; Kasliwal, M. M.¹⁸; Kenworthy, W. D.³; Kim, Y.-L.²; Kuhn, D.⁷; Kulkarni, S. R.¹⁸; Lacroix, L.^{7, 3}; Laher, R. R.^{18, 19}; Masci, F. J.^{18, 19}; Müller-Bravo, T. E.^{20, 21}; Miller, A.²²; Osman, M.⁷; Perley, D.²³; Popovic, B.¹; Purdum, J.¹⁸; Qin, Y.-J.¹⁸; Racine, B.¹⁵; Reusch, S.⁸; Riddle, R.¹⁸; Rosnet, P.¹⁴; Rosselli, D.¹⁵; Ruppin, F.¹; Senzel, R.⁴; Rusholme, B.^{18, 19}; Schweyer, T.³; Terwel, J. H.^{4, 23}; Townsend, A.⁵; Tzanidakis, A.¹⁶; Wold, A.^{18, 19}; Yan, L.¹⁸

1. Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
2. Lancaster University
3. AlbaNova
4. Trinity College Dublin
5. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
6. University of Cambridge
7. Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
8. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
9. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
10. University of California, Berkeley
11. University of Maryland, College Park
12. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
13. National Research Council Canada
14. University of Clermont Auvergne
15. Center for Particle Physics of Marseilles
16. University of Washington
17. Duke University
18. California Institute of Technology
19. Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
20. Institute of Space Sciences
21. Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
22. Northwestern University
23. Liverpool John Moores University

Abstract

We present the first homogeneous release of several thousand spectroscopically classified type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with spectroscopic redshifts. This release, named “DR2”, contains 3628 nearby (z < 0.3) SNe Ia discovered, followed, and classified by the Zwicky Transient Facility survey between March 2018 and December 2020. Of these, 3000 have good-to-excellent sampling and 2667 pass standard cosmology light curve quality cuts. This release is thus the largest SN Ia release to date, increasing by an order of magnitude the number of well-characterized low-redshift objects. With DR2, we also provide a volume-limited (z < 0.06) sample of nearly a thousand SNe Ia. With such a large, homogeneous, and well-controlled dataset, we are studying key current questions on SN cosmology, such as the linearity SNe Ia standardization, the SN and host dependencies, the diversity of the SN Ia population, and the accuracy of current light curve modeling. These, and more, are studied in detail in a series of articles associated with this release. Alongside the SN Ia parameters, we publish our forced-photometry gri-band light curves, 5138 spectra, local and global host properties, observing logs, and a Python tool to facilitate the use and access of these data. The photometric accuracy of DR2 is not yet suited for cosmological parameter inference, which will follow as the “DR2.5” release. We nonetheless demonstrate that our Hubble diagram of several thousands of SNe Ia has a typical 0.15 mag scatter.

Copyright and License

Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST-1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including current partners Caltech, IPAC, the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Trinity College Dublin, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, IN2P3, University of Warwick, Ruhr University Bochum, Northwestern University and former partners the University of Washington, Los Alamos National Laboratories, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW. SED Machine is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1106171 The ZTF forced-photometry service was funded under the Heising-Simons Foundation grant #12540303 (PI: Graham). The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, through both the Data-Driven Investigator Program and a dedicated grant, provided critical funding for SkyPortal. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement n 759194 – USNAC). This project is supported by the H2020 European Research Council grant no. 758638. This work has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche of the French government through the program ANR-21-CE31-0016-03. L.G. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 under the PID2020-115253GA-I00 HOSTFLOWS project, from Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) under the PIE project 20215AT016 and the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, and from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the 2021-SGR-01270 grant. Y.-L.K. has received funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council [grant number ST/V000713/1]. This work has been enabled by support from the research project grant ‘Understanding the Dynamic Universe’ funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation under Dnr KAW 2018.0067 This work has been supported by the research project grant “Understanding the Dynamic Universe” funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation under Dnr KAW 2018.0067, Vetenskapsrådet, the Swedish Research Council, project 2020-03444, and the G.R.E.A.T. research environment, project number 2016-06012. SRK’s research is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. ZTF is supported in part by the Medium Scale Instrumentation Program (MSIP of the National Science Foundation NSF) LH is funded by the Irish Research Council under grant number GOIPG/2020/1387. ECB acknowledges support by the NSF AAG grant 1812779 and grant #2018-0908 from the Heising-Simons Foundation. MMK acknowledges generous support from the David and Lucille Packard Foundation.

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