Full-waveform inversion reveals diverse origins of lower mantle positive wave speed anomalies

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2024.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Prof. Dr. Douwe van Hinsbergen, Dr. Bram Vaes and Dr. Suzanna van de Lagemaat for valuable discussions related to the topic of this manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the quality of this work.

Funding

S.N. acknowledges funding provided by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 955515 (SPIN ITN). A.J.P.G. is mainly supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Postdoc Mobility Grant P500PN_21729, and partially supported by funds from the Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and the VERITAS project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contract (80NM0018D0004) with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Contributions

These authors contributed equally: Thomas L. A. Schouten, Lars Gebraad and Sebastian Noe.

T.L.A.S., L.G. and S.N. contributed equally to this work. T.L.A.S. and L.G. conceived the study. S.T. and D.P.v.H. provided REVEAL. L.G. and S.N. conducted wavefield simulations. T.L.A.S., L.G. and S.N. performed the statistical correlation. T.L.A.S. and A.J.P.G. interpreted the mantle structure imaged by REVEAL. All authors contributed to the writing and maturation of this manuscript, led by T.L.A.S.

Data Availability

The global distribution of sources and receivers, tomographic models (netCDF4 format), stacked waveforms from the wavefield modelling (.h5 format), reconstruction files (GPlates-compatible format), 2D grids of the time-depth correlations (.csv format), and Python scripts required for the full analysis and figures presented in the main text and supplementary information are included in the supplementary data folder, which is available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13235438). SALVUS is available from Mondaic (https://mondaic.com). Parameters to run the wavefield experiments are available upon request.

Supplemental Material

Supplementary Information:

Philippine Sea Plate and Australasian oceans and orogens