Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

Abud, A. Abed; Abi, B.; Acciarri, R.; Acero, M. A.; Adames, M. R.; Adamov, G.; Adamowski, M.; Adams, D.; Adinolfi, M.; Adriano, C.; Aduszkiewicz, A.; Aguilar, J.; Ahmad, Z.; Ahmed, J.; Aimard, B.; Akbar, F.; Allison, K.; Monsalve, S. Alonso; Alrashed, M.; Alt, C.; Alton, A.; Alvarez, R.; Amedo, P.; Anderson, J.; Andrade, D. A.; Andreopoulos, C.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, M. P.; Andrianala, F.; Andringa, S.; Anfimov, N.; Anicézio Campanelli, W. L.; Ankowski, A.; Antoniassi, M.; Antonova, M.; Antoshkin, A.; Antusch, S.; Aranda-Fernandez, A.; Arellano, L.; Arnold, L. O.; Arroyave, M. A.; Asaadi, J.; Asquith, L.; Aurisano, A.; Aushev, V.; Autiero, D.; Ayala-Torres, M.; Azfar, F.; Back, A.; Back, H.; Back, J. J.; Bagaturia, I.; Bagby, L.; Balashov, N.; Balasubramanian, S.; Baldi, P.; Baller, B.; Bambah, B.; Barao, F.; Barenboim, G.; Barker, G. J.; Barkhouse, W.; Barnes, C.; Barr, G.; Monarca, J. 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Hoyos; Hristova, I.; Hronek, M. S.; Huang, J.; Huang, R. G.; Hulcher, Z.; Iles, G.; Ilic, N.; Iliescu, A. M.; Illingworth, R.; Ingratta, G.; Ioannisian, A.; Irwin, B.; Isenhower, L.; Ismerio Oliveira, M.; Itay, R.; Jackson, C. M.; Jain, V.; James, E.; Jang, W.; Jargowsky, B.; Jediny, F.; Jena, D.; Jeong, Y. S.; Jesús-Valls, C.; Ji, X.; Jiang, J.; Jiang, L.; Jipa, A.; Jo, J. H.; Joaquim, F. R.; Johnson, W.; Jones, B.; Jones, R.; Jovancevic, N.; Judah, M.; Jung, C. K.; Junk, T.; Jwa, Y.; Kabirnezhad, M.; Kaboth, A.; Kadenko, I.; Kakorin, I.; Kalitkina, A.; Kalra, D.; Koseyan, O. 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doi:10.1103/physrevd.107.092012

Published May 30, 2023 | Version Published

Journal Article Open

Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

1. European Organization for Nuclear Research
2. University of Oxford
3. Fermilab
4. University of Atlántico
5. Federal University of Technology – Paraná
6. Georgian Technical University
7. Brookhaven National Laboratory
8. University of Bristol
9. State University of Campinas
10. University of Houston
11. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
12. Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre
13. University of Warwick
14. Université Savoie Mont Blanc
15. University of Rochester
16. University of Colorado Boulder
17. Kansas State University
18. ETH Zurich
19. Augustana University
20. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
21. University of Santiago de Compostela
22. Institute for Corpuscular Physics
23. Argonne National Laboratory
24. Illinois Institute of Technology
25. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
26. University of Liverpool
27. INFN Sezione di Ferrara
28. University of Ferrara
29. University of Antananarivo
30. Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particles Physics
31. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
32. Federal University of Alfenas
33. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
34. University of Basel
35. University of Colima
36. University of Manchester
37. Columbia University
38. EIA University
39. The University of Texas at Arlington
40. University of Sussex
41. University of Cincinnati
42. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
43. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
44. Indiana University Bloomington
45. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
46. University of California, Irvine
47. University of Hyderabad
48. University of Lisbon
49. University of North Dakota
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Measurements of electrons from 𝜈𝑒 interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectra is derived, and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50 MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.

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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Acknowledgement

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector was constructed and operated on the CERN Neutrino Platform. We thank the CERN management for providing the infrastructure for this experiment and gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERN Experimental physics (EP), Beams (BE), Technology (TE), Engineering (EN), Information Technology (IT), and Industry, Procurement and Knowledge Transfer (IPT) Departments for NP04/ProtoDUNE-SP. This document was prepared by the DUNE Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG, and FAPESP, Brazil; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MšMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU, and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; Comunidad de Madrid (CAM), Fundación “La Caixa,” and MICINN, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TüBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, USA. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

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ISSN: 2470-0029

European Organization for Nuclear Research
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-07CH11359
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-05CH11231
Office of Science
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Canada Foundation for Innovation
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
Ministry of Education Youth and Sports
European Commission
European Commission
European Commission
European Commission
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
National Research Foundation of Korea
CaixaBank
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
Scientific Education and Research Foundation
Swiss National Science Foundation
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
UK Research and Innovation
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Royal Society
National Science Foundation
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC

Accepted: 2023-04-27

Accepted
Available: 2023-05-23

Published online

Publication Status: Published

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Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

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Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

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