Published December 2, 2024 | Published
Journal Article Open

Structural evolution of nitrogenase states under alkaline turnover

  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

Biological nitrogen fixation, performed by the enzyme nitrogenase, supplies nearly 50% of the bioavailable nitrogen pool on Earth, yet the structural nature of the enzyme intermediates involved in this cycle remains ambiguous. Here we present four high resolution cryoEM structures of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein, sampled along a time course of alkaline reaction mixtures under an acetylene atmosphere. This series of structures reveals a sequence of salient changes including perturbations to the inorganic framework of the FeMo-cofactor; depletion of the homocitrate moiety; diminished density around the S2B belt sulfur of the FeMo-cofactor; rearrangements of cluster-adjacent side chains; and the asymmetric displacement of the FeMo-cofactor. We further demonstrate that the nitrogenase associated factor T protein can recognize and bind an alkaline inactivated MoFe-protein in vitro. These time-resolved structures provide experimental support for the displacement of S2B and distortions of the FeMo-cofactor at the E0-E3 intermediates of the substrate reduction mechanism, prior to nitrogen binding, highlighting cluster rearrangements potentially relevant to nitrogen fixation by biological and synthetic clusters.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2024.

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Acknowledgement

This work was funded by support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.C.R.), NIH 1F32GM143836 (R.A.W.), and NIH 1K99GM152765 (R.A.W.). The generous support of the Beckman Institute for the Caltech CryoEM Resource Center was essential for the performance of this research. We thank Dr. Jens Kaiser, Dr. Songye Chen, Dr. Nathan Dalleska, and Dr. Ailiena Maggiolo for their invaluable discussions.

Funding

This work was funded by support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.C.R.), NIH 1F32GM143836 (R.A.W.), and NIH 1K99GM152765 (R.A.W.).

Contributions

Conceptualization: R.A.W., D.C.R. Methodology: R.A.W. Investigation: R.A.W. Visualization: R.A.W. Supervision: R.A.W., D.C.R. Writing—original draft: R.A.W. Writing—review & editing: R.A.W., D.C.R.

Data Availability

The single particle cryoEM maps and models have been deposited into the PDB and EMDB. Datasets been deposited with the following PDB and EMDB codes: 9CJE and EMD-45629, (MoFeAlkaline-20sec), 9CJD and EMD-45628, (MoFeAlkaline-5min), 9CJC and EMD-45627, [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-45627] (MoFeAlkaline-20min), 9CJB and EMD-45626 (MoFeAlkaline-60min), and 9CJF and EMD-45630 (MoFeAlkaline-inactivated-NafT complex). CryoEM maps for 3DVA subclass maps MoFeAlkaline-5min-B (‘cofactor out’) and MoFeAlkaline-5min-D (‘cofactor in’) are included as supplementary maps with the MoFeAlkaline-5min deposition. PDB codes of previously published structures used in this study are 8ENL8ENO8CRS, and 3U7Q. Source Data are provided as a Source Data file. Source data are provided with this paper.

Supplemental Material

Supplementary Information (PDF)

Description of Additional Supplementary Files (PDF)

Supplementary Movie 1 (MP4)

Supplementary Movie 2 (MP4)

Reporting Summary (PDF)

Transparent Peer Review File (PDF)

Source Data (XLSX)

Files

s41467-024-54713-0.pdf
Files (112.2 MB)
Name Size Download all
md5:a8e6045c04926db342bb2b32f87b4462
138.8 kB Preview Download
md5:165a45c59e4493418d1785b4f1bf3c8d
6.9 MB Preview Download
md5:2539cdce117909a007a3f1ef24095983
15.2 MB Preview Download
md5:2ebc3618eb356be4d06100566bf12cf9
120.0 kB Preview Download
md5:63f3b1d7ee4b7bfd5d5be98ecc6ae98f
69.0 MB Download
md5:3d5c12b1575b336fe04f0bf5fc6852c8
3.6 MB Download
md5:d1fd467fc4aeb1119d2d8750c5640b10
17.1 MB Download
md5:ae95d411e8c40333dc9d7a82dc5b5326
77.8 kB Preview Download

Additional details

Created:
December 11, 2024
Modified:
December 11, 2024