Structural evolution of nitrogenase states under alkaline turnover
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation, performed by the enzyme nitrogenase, supplies nearly 50% of the bioavailable nitrogen pool on Earth, yet the structural nature of the enzyme intermediates involved in this cycle remains ambiguous. Here we present four high resolution cryoEM structures of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein, sampled along a time course of alkaline reaction mixtures under an acetylene atmosphere. This series of structures reveals a sequence of salient changes including perturbations to the inorganic framework of the FeMo-cofactor; depletion of the homocitrate moiety; diminished density around the S2B belt sulfur of the FeMo-cofactor; rearrangements of cluster-adjacent side chains; and the asymmetric displacement of the FeMo-cofactor. We further demonstrate that the nitrogenase associated factor T protein can recognize and bind an alkaline inactivated MoFe-protein in vitro. These time-resolved structures provide experimental support for the displacement of S2B and distortions of the FeMo-cofactor at the E0-E3 intermediates of the substrate reduction mechanism, prior to nitrogen binding, highlighting cluster rearrangements potentially relevant to nitrogen fixation by biological and synthetic clusters.
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© The Author(s) 2024.
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Acknowledgement
This work was funded by support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.C.R.), NIH 1F32GM143836 (R.A.W.), and NIH 1K99GM152765 (R.A.W.). The generous support of the Beckman Institute for the Caltech CryoEM Resource Center was essential for the performance of this research. We thank Dr. Jens Kaiser, Dr. Songye Chen, Dr. Nathan Dalleska, and Dr. Ailiena Maggiolo for their invaluable discussions.
Funding
This work was funded by support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.C.R.), NIH 1F32GM143836 (R.A.W.), and NIH 1K99GM152765 (R.A.W.).
Contributions
Conceptualization: R.A.W., D.C.R. Methodology: R.A.W. Investigation: R.A.W. Visualization: R.A.W. Supervision: R.A.W., D.C.R. Writing—original draft: R.A.W. Writing—review & editing: R.A.W., D.C.R.
Data Availability
The single particle cryoEM maps and models have been deposited into the PDB and EMDB. Datasets been deposited with the following PDB and EMDB codes: 9CJE and EMD-45629, (MoFeAlkaline-20sec), 9CJD and EMD-45628, (MoFeAlkaline-5min), 9CJC and EMD-45627, [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-45627] (MoFeAlkaline-20min), 9CJB and EMD-45626 (MoFeAlkaline-60min), and 9CJF and EMD-45630 (MoFeAlkaline-inactivated-NafT complex). CryoEM maps for 3DVA subclass maps MoFeAlkaline-5min-B (‘cofactor out’) and MoFeAlkaline-5min-D (‘cofactor in’) are included as supplementary maps with the MoFeAlkaline-5min deposition. PDB codes of previously published structures used in this study are 8ENL, 8ENO, 8CRS, and 3U7Q. Source Data are provided as a Source Data file. Source data are provided with this paper.
Supplemental Material
Supplementary Information (PDF)
Description of Additional Supplementary Files (PDF)
Supplementary Movie 1 (MP4)
Supplementary Movie 2 (MP4)
Reporting Summary (PDF)
Transparent Peer Review File (PDF)
Source Data (XLSX)
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC11612016
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- 1F32GM143836
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- 1K99GM152765
- Accepted
-
2024-11-20
- Publication Status
- Published