Published September 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Beyond NISQ: The Megaquop Machine

  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

Today's Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers have scientific value, but quantum machines with broad practical value must be protected against noise using quantum error correction and fault-tolerant protocols. Recent studies of quantum error correction on actual hardware are opening a new era of quantum information processing. Error-corrected computers capable of performing one million quantum operations or more may be realized soon, raising a compelling question for the quantum community: What are the potential uses of these megaquop machines?

Copyright and License

© 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s).

Funding

I gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Systems Accelerator, and the National Science Foundation (PHY-2317110). The Institute
for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.

Acknowledgement

This article is a lightly edited transcript of my keynote address at the Q2B 2024 Conference in Silicon Valley on 11 December, 2024.  This article is based on a keynote address delivered at the Q2B 2024 Conference in Silicon Valley. I thank Matt Johnson for inviting me to speak at Q2B for each of the past eight years, and Travis Humble for encouraging me to publish the talk. I also thank Dorit Aharonov, Jason Alicea, Sergio Boixo, Earl Campbell, Roland Farrell, Ashley Montanaro, Mike Newman, Will Oliver, Chris Pattison, Rob Schoelkopf, and Qian Xu for helpful comments.

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Additional details

Funding

Office of Science
National Science Foundation
PHY-2317110

Dates

Available
2025-04-29
Published online

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA), Institute for Quantum Information and Matter
Publication Status
Published