Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2024.

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Acknowledgement

K.C. was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42074024 and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology (2022B1212010002). C.M. was supported by the NASA Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area ROSES grants (80NM0018D0004, 80NSSC20K0492). L.D.Z was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant “Fault Activation and Earthquake Rupture” (FEAR) (No. 856559), the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), and the Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 3b project “Investigating Volcano and Earthquake Science and Technology (InVEST)” (Award No. MOE-MOET32021-0002). C.L. was supported by NSFC 42274026 and J.P.A was supported by NASA/ROSES grant 80NSSC20K0492. We thank JAXA for providing ALOS-2 data used in this study.

Contributions

K.C. carried out finite source modeling and drafted the initial manuscript; G.W. performed the Bayesian inversion of fault geometries; C.M. processed optical offset data and inverted the background stress; C.L. processed the InSAR measurements; L.D.Z and J.P.A. helped with the data analysis and the writing. All authors took part in finalizing the paper.

Data Availability

GNSS data used in this study were obtained from the Turkish Permanent GNSS Network (TUSAGA-Aktif) and are available at https://www.tusaga-aktif.gov.tr/Web/DepremVerileri.aspx. Strong motion records were provided by AFAD (https://tdvms.afad.gov.tr/list-station/543428/37.043/37.288, https://tdvms.afad.gov.tr/list-station/543593/37.239/38.089). ALOS-2 data are made freely available by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) at: https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/dataset/alos_open_and_free_e.htm. Sentinel-1 data are also freely available and provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) under the Copernicus Program.

Code Availability

Finite source inversion code is modified based on Mudpy (https://github.com/dmelgarm/MudPy), and the calculation of Green’s function for Bayesian inversion is cutde (https://github.com/tbenthompson/cutde).

Supplemental Material

Peer Review File (PDF)

Description of Additional Supplementary Files (PDF)

Supplementary Movie 1 (AVI)