Multi-ensemble metrology by programming local rotations with atom movements

Creators: Shaw, Adam L.; Finkelstein, Ran; Tsai, Richard Bing-Shiun; Scholl, Pascal; Yoon, Tai Hyun; Choi, Joonhee; Endres, Manuel¹

1. California Institute of Technology

Abstract

Current optical atomic clocks do not utilize their resources optimally. In particular, an exponential gain in sensitivity could be achieved if multiple atomic ensembles were to be controlled or read out individually, even without entanglement. However, controlling optical transitions locally remains an outstanding challenge for neutral-atom-based clocks and quantum computing platforms. Here we show arbitrary, single-site addressing for an optical transition via sub-wavelength controlled moves of atoms trapped in tweezers. The scheme is highly robust as it relies only on the relative position changes of tweezers and requires no additional addressing beams. Using this technique, we implement single-shot, dual-quadrature readout of Ramsey interferometry using two atomic ensembles simultaneously, and show an enhancement of the usable interrogation time at a given phase-slip error probability. Finally, we program a sequence that performs local dynamical decoupling during Ramsey evolution to evolve three ensembles with variable phase sensitivities, a key ingredient of optimal clock interrogation. Our results demonstrate the potential of fully programmable quantum optical clocks even without entanglement and could be combined with metrologically useful entangled states in the future.

Copyright and License

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge useful conversations with K. Leung, H. Manetsch, S. Direkci and T. Gefen. Further, we thank J. Covey for a careful evaluation of our manuscript. We acknowledge support from the Army Research Office MURI program (W911NF2010136), the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant PHY-1733907), the NSF CAREER award (1753386), the AFOSR YIP (FA9550-19-1-0044), the DARPA ONISQ program (W911NF2010021) and the NSF QLCI program (2016245). A.L.S. acknowledges support from the Eddleman Quantum Graduate Fellowship. R.F. acknowledges support from the Troesh postdoctoral fellowship. R.B.-S.T. acknowledges support from the Taiwan-Caltech Fellowship. T.H.Y. acknowledges support from the IQIM Visiting Fellowship and in part by the NRF (2022M3K4A1094781).

Contributions

These authors contributed equally: Adam L. Shaw, Ran Finkelstein.

A.L.S., R.F. and M.E. conceived the idea and experiment. A.L.S., R.F., R.B.-S.T. and J.C. performed the experiments, data analysis and numerical simulations. A.L.S., R.F., R.B.-S.T., P.S., T.H.Y. and J.C. contributed to the experimental setup. A.L.S., R.F. and M.E. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. T.H.Y. and M.E. supervised this project.

Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Code Availability

The codes used for analysis of all figures are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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