An 11-year record of XCO₂ estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm

Thomas E. Taylor acknowledges assistance from Peter Somkuti and Heather Cronk at CSU/CIRA with Python map plotting. CarbonTracker results were provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov (last access: 17 January 2022). The GEOS data used in this study were provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

The CSU contribution to this work was supported by JPL subcontract 1439002. Hannakaisa Lindqvist is supported by the Academy of Finland (project 331829). Aronne Merrelli's contributions to this work were supported by JPL subcontract 1577173. Paul I. Palmer and Liang Feng were supported by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation funded the National Environment Research Council (NE/R016518/1). The TCCON stations at Rikubetsu, Tsukuba, and Burgos are supported in part by the GOSAT series project. Local support for Burgos is provided by the Energy Development Corporation (EDC, Philippines). The TCCON site at Réunion has been operated by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy with financial support since 2014 by the EU project ICOS-Inwire and the ministerial decree for ICOS (FR/35/IC1 to FR/35/C6) and local activities supported by LACy/UMR8105 and by OSU-R/UMS3365 – Université de La Réunion. The TCCON stations at Garmisch and Zugspitze have been supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) under grant 4000120088/17/I-EF and by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via the DLR under grant 50EE1711D as well as by the Helmholtz Society via the research program ATMO. The observations in Bremen are supported by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) via the DLR under grant 50EE1711B. The Paris TCCON site has received funding from Sorbonne Université, the French research center CNRS, the French space agency CNES, and Région Île-de-France. The Ascension Island TCCON station has been supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) under grant 4000120088/17/I-EF and by the German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) under grants 50EE1711C and 50EE1711E. We thank the ESA Ariane Tracking Station at North East Bay, Ascension Island, for hosting and local support. The Anmyeondo TCCON station was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program “Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea” under grant no. KMA 2018-00522. Nicholas M. Deutscher is supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship, FT180100327. The Darwin and Wollongong TCCON sites have been supported by a series of ARC grants, including DP160100598, DP140100552, DP110103118, DP0879468 and LE0668470, and NASA grants NAG5-12247 and NNG05-GD07G. The Eureka measurements were made at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC), primarily supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and the Canadian Space Agency. Manvendra K. Dubey thanks the LANL LDRD program for support operating the Four Corners TCCON site. The TCCON Nicosia site has received additional support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 856612 and the Cyprus Government, and by the University of Bremen. The Anmyeondo TCCON station is funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program “Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea” under grant no. KMA 2018-00522.

The ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO₂ data are available on the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC) in both the per-orbit full format (OCO-2 Science Team et al., 2019b, https://doi.org/10.5067/OSGTIL9OV0PN) and in the per-day lite format (OCO-2 Science Team et al., 2019a, https://doi.org/10.5067/VWSABTO7ZII4). The monthly super-lite files, containing only the most essential variables for each satellite observation, are available at CaltechDATA (https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.2178, Eldering, 2021). The OCO-2 v10 L2Lite files containing the bias-corrected and quality-filtered XCO₂ data are also available on the GES-DISC (OCO-2 Science Team et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.5067/E4E140XDMPO2). The TCCON data for individual stations are available on the CaltechDATA site (see citations listed in Table 8). The CarbonTracker data are available on the NOAA GML site (https://carbontracker.noaa.gov, CarbonTracker, 2021). The CarboScope model data are available at http://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/CarboScope (CarboScope, 2021). The CAMS model data are available at https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/data (CAMS, 2021). The UoL model data are available at https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/~lfeng/ (UoE, 2021).

This paper was edited by David Carlson and reviewed by two anonymous referees.