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Published March 2024 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Gaia GraL: Gaia DR2 gravitational lens systems – VIII. A radio census of lensed systems

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Swinburne University of Technology
  • 2. ROR icon ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
  • 3. ROR icon University of Liège
  • 4. ROR icon University of Sydney
  • 5. ROR icon University of California, Irvine
  • 6. ROR icon University of Lisbon
  • 7. ROR icon Jet Propulsion Lab
  • 8. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 9. ROR icon Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
  • 10. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 11. ROR icon Universidade de São Paulo
  • 12. ROR icon Laboratory of Astrophysics of Bordeaux
  • 13. ROR icon Center for Theoretical Physics
  • 14. ROR icon TU Dresden
  • 15. ROR icon Louisiana State University
  • 16. ROR icon Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
  • 17. ROR icon Universidade Federal de Sergipe
  • 18. ROR icon University of Hertfordshire
  • 19. ROR icon Heidelberg University

Abstract

We present radio observations of 24 confirmed and candidate strongly lensed quasars identified by the Gaia Gravitational Lenses working group. We detect radio emission from eight systems in 5.5 and 9 GHz observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and 12 systems in 6 GHz observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The resolution of our ATCA observations is insufficient to resolve the radio emission into multiple lensed images, but we do detect multiple images from 11 VLA targets. We have analysed these systems using our observations in conjunction with existing optical measurements, including measuring offsets between the radio and optical positions for each image and building updated lens models. These observations significantly expand the existing sample of lensed radio quasars, suggest that most lensed systems are detectable at radio wavelengths with targeted observations, and demonstrate the feasibility of population studies with high-resolution radio imaging.

Copyright and License

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

Parts of this research were conducted by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), project number CE170100004.

DS acknowledges the support of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Belgium, under grant No. 4.4503.1.

The work of DS and TC was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004).

The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which was funded by the Australian Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We acknowledge the Gomeroi people as the traditional owners of the Observatory site.

This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services.

This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia. Gaia data are being processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC was provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA). The Gaia mission website is https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia. The Gaia archive website is https://archives.esac.esa.int/gaia.

This work benefitted from the existence of the gravitational lens data bases of Ducourant et al. (2018) and Lemon, Auger & McMahon (2019).

Data Availability

The VLA visibilities used in this work can be accessed via the NRAO Archive (https://data.nrao.edu/portal/) under project 20B-363. The ATCA visibilities used in this work can be accesed via the Australia Telescope Online Archive (https://atoa.atnf.csiro.au/) under projects C3371 and CX449. All other data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2311.07836 (arXiv)

Funding

Australian Research Council
CE170100004
Fund for Scientific Research
4.4503.1
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NM0018D0004

Dates

Accepted
2023-12-15
Available
2024-01-11
Published
Available
2024-02-19
Corrected and typeset

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Astronomy Department, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published