Published November 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

A method for correcting the substructure of multiprong jets using the Lund jet plane

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Abstract

Many analyses at the CERN LHC exploit the substructure of jets to identify heavy resonances produced with high momenta that decay into multiple quarks and/or gluons. This paper presents a new technique for correcting the substructure of simulated large-radius jets from multiprong decays. The technique is based on reclustering the jet constituents into several subjets such that each subjet represents a single prong, and separately correcting the radiation pattern in the Lund jet plane of each subjet using a correction derived from data. The data presented here correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb1 collected by the CMS experiment between 2016–2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The correction procedure improves the agreement between data and simulation for several different substructure observables of multiprong jets. This technique establishes, for the first time, a robust calibration for the substructure of jets with four or more prongs, enabling future measurements and searches for new phenomena containing these signatures.

Copyright and License

Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

Acknowledgement

We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: SC (Armenia), BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); ERC PRG, RVTT3 and MoER TK202 (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); SRNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIT and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LMTLT (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MICIU/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Türkiye); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).

Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353, 101002207, 101001205, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037 (Armenia); the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No. 2023YFA1605804, and the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12061141002 (China); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, grant FR-22-985 (Georgia); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), among others, under Germany’s Excellence Strategy — EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” — 390833306, and under project number 400140256 — GRK2497; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project Number 2288 (Greece); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program — ÚNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, K 146913, K 146914, K 147048, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, TKP2021-NKTA-64, and 2021-4.1.2-NEMZ_KI-2024-00036 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; ICSC — National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, FAIR — Future Artificial Intelligence Research, and CUP I53D23001070006 (Mission 4 Component 1), funded by the NextGenerationEU program (Italy); the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF/EU, “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”, and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, grant B39G680009 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

Data Availability

Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy.

Code Availability

The CMS core software is publicly available on GitHub.

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2507.07775 (arXiv)
Is supplemented by
Dataset: https://opendata.cern.ch/record/415 (URL)
Software: https://github.com/cms-sw/cmssw (URL)

Funding

Marie-Curie program
675440
Marie-Curie program
724704
Marie-Curie program
752730
Marie-Curie program
758316
Marie-Curie program
765710
Marie-Curie program
824093
Marie-Curie program
101115353
Marie-Curie program
101002207
Marie-Curie program
101001205
COST Action
CA16108
Science Committee
22rl-037
Beijing Municipal Science \& Technology Commission
Z191100007219010
Ministry of Science and Technology of China
2023YFA1605804
National Natural Science Foundation of China
12061141002
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
FR-22-985
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
390833306
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
400140256
Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation
2288
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 131991
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 133046
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 138136
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 143460
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 143477
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 146913
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 146914
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 147048
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
TKP2021-NKTA-64
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
2021-4.1.2-NEMZ\_KI-2024-00036
ICSC --- National Research Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing
CUP I53D23001070006
Ministry of Education and Science
2022/WK/14
National Science Center
2021/41/B/ST2/01369
National Science Center
2021/43/B/ST2/01552
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
CEECIND/01334/2018
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund
B39G680009
Welch Foundation
C-1845
SCOAP3

Dates

Accepted
2025-10-09
Available
2025-11-10
Published online

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Caltech groups
CMS@Caltech, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published