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Published April 5, 2024 | Published
Journal Article Open

Switchable Synthesis of Ethylene/Acrylate Copolymers by a Dinickel Catalyst: Evidence for Chain Growth on Both Nickel Centers and Concepts of Cation Exchange Polymerization

Abstract

A dinickel complex, X-Ni2, was developed and demonstrated to have a high performance in ethylene/acrylate copolymerization. Further mechanistic studies revealed that X-Ni2 performs acrylate insertion at both Ni centers at distinct rates. Addition of NaBArF24 to X-Ni2 leads to 1:1 binding and serves as a switch for tuning catalytic activity, copolymer MW and acrylate incorporation. NMR studies of cation binding, when present in substoichiometric amounts, suggest a dynamic process involving cation exchange. This phenomenon provides an alternative strategy for controlling chain growth in polar polyolefin synthesis and was probed herein.

Copyright and License

© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0.

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to Dow (TA) for funding. We thank Alex J. Nett and Todd D. Senecal for insightful discussions. We thank Manar M. Shoshani for assistance with X-ray crystallography and David VanderVelde for assistance with NMR spectroscopy. We thank Hannah Bailey and Heidi Clements for assistance in collecting polymer characterization data (GPC, DSC, FT-IR). Support has been provided for the X-ray diffraction and NMR instrumentation via the Dow Next Generation Educator Fund.

Data Availability

  • Experimental section; synthetic procedures, characterization data, cation binding studies, and polymerization studies (PDF)

  • X-ray data (CIF)

CCDC 2302334 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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Additional details

Created:
April 15, 2024
Modified:
April 15, 2024