Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator
Abstract
Minimizing and understanding errors is critical for quantum science, both in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices1 and for the quest towards fault-tolerant quantum computation2,3. Rydberg arrays have emerged as a prominent platform in this context4 with impressive system sizes5,6 and proposals suggesting how error-correction thresholds could be significantly improved by detecting leakage errors with single-atom resolution7,8, a form of erasure error conversion9–12. However, two-qubit entanglement fidelities in Rydberg atom arrays13,14 have lagged behind competitors15,16 and this type of erasure conversion is yet to be realized for matter-based qubits in general. Here we demonstrate both erasure conversion and high-fidelity Bell state generation using a Rydberg quantum simulator5,6,17,18. When excising data with erasure errors observed via fast imaging of alkaline-earth atoms19–22, we achieve a Bell state fidelity of ≥ 0.9971⁺¹⁰₋₁₃ , which improves to ≥ 0.9985₋₁₂⁺⁷ when correcting for remaining state-preparation errors. We further apply erasure conversion in a quantum simulation experiment for quasi-adiabatic preparation of long-range order across a quantum phase transition, and reveal the otherwise hidden impact of these errors on the simulation outcome. Our work demonstrates the capability for Rydberg-based entanglement to reach fidelities in the 0.999 regime, with higher fidelities a question of technical improvements, and shows how erasure conversion can be utilized in NISQ devices. These techniques could be translated directly to quantum-error-correction codes with the addition of long-lived qubits7,22–24.
Copyright and License
© The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Acknowledgement
We acknowledge discussions with, and feedback from, H. Pichler, H. Bernien, J. Preskill, J. Covey, C. Pattinson, K. Slagle, H. Manetsch, J. Thompson, K. Leung, E. Bataille and I. Madjarov. We acknowledge support from the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant PHY-1733907), the DARPA ONISQ programme (W911NF2010021), the NSF CAREER award (1753386), the AFOSR YIP (FA9550-19-1-0044), the NSF QLCI programme (2016245) and the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Systems Accelerator. P.S. acknowledges support from the IQIM postdoctoral fellowship. R.B.-S.T. acknowledges support from the Taiwan-Caltech Fellowship. R.F. acknowledges support from the Troesh postdoctoral fellowship.
Contributions
These authors contributed equally: Pascal Scholl, Adam L. Shaw.
P.S., A.L.S. and M.E. conceived the idea and experiment. P.S., A.L.S, R.B.-S.T., R.F. and J.C. performed the experiments, data analysis and numerical simulations. P.S., A.L.S., R.B.-S.T., R.F. and J.C. contributed to the experimental set-up. P.S., A.L.S. and M.E. wrote the paper with input from all authors. M.E. supervised this project.
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Code Availability
The code that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Files
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:bcd9f222fb28cd84ef5072ba8258b5a9
|
47.3 kB | Preview Download |
md5:e41c32be13cbfffad0495ee42164cc54
|
37.2 kB | Preview Download |
md5:cb9398bd1b9b195f9ed04e1fcdb54fee
|
59.1 kB | Preview Download |
md5:4e75fa46559bc9d167ede0ca057eb82f
|
218.7 kB | Preview Download |
md5:b85f13cdfb8226051ede8efdd3377ffb
|
121.8 kB | Preview Download |
md5:62c8f33277a03819610b9c9d257c41c1
|
36.2 kB | Preview Download |
md5:c2931afa1c6a6e87d9b02a62f3e05421
|
13.7 MB | Preview Download |
md5:f10703abb870430ee8043a129db68afc
|
42.0 kB | Preview Download |
md5:a80f8d261576952beccc03fe6286c77b
|
120.5 kB | Preview Download |
md5:81929636443a2b4331e9acf5971d6bdb
|
16.2 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
- ISSN
- 1476-4687
- PMCID
- PMC10567575
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-1733907
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- W911NF2010021
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-1753386
- United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- FA9550-19-1-0044
- National Science Foundation
- OMA-2016245
- United States Department of Energy
- California Institute of Technology
- Caltech groups
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter