Implementing Continuous All-sky Monitoring with the OVRO-LWA to Identify Prompt and Precursor Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events

A number of theoretical studies have proposed a prompt or precursor low-frequency radio counterpart to gravitational wave events detected by LIGO and Virgo. Detection of such events would offer a new window on the immediate environment of the merger and provide an avenue to rapid localization. However, identifying fast transients in real-time in localization regions spanning hundreds to thousands of square degrees presents severe technical challenges. To address these challenges, we present a novel technique embodied in the Time Machine, a system featuring a two-stage voltage buffer and subsequent processing pipeline designed for the Long Wavelength Array at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. This array is developed to instantaneously image the entire viewable sky. We detail the system's buffer structure that allows data collection from several minutes before a trigger event, up to 30 minutes after an event. The processing of this voltage data involves beamforming and searching the full 90th-percentile localization region above the horizon with ms-time resolution and the ability to detect events with ∼100 Jy ms (7σ) fluence within the 55–85 MHz band. Furthermore, we incorporate an offline cross-correlation pipeline to improve positional accuracy of identified transients to within subarcminute levels. We present a full overview of the system design and initial testing results.