Entanglement in the quantum phases of an unfrustrated Rydberg atom array
Abstract
Recent experimental advances have stimulated interest in the use of large, two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms as a platform for quantum information processing and to study exotic many-body quantum states. However, the native long-range interactions between the atoms complicate experimental analysis and precise theoretical understanding of these systems. Here we use new tensor network algorithms capable of including all long-range interactions to study the ground state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a geometrically unfrustrated square lattice array. We find a greatly altered phase diagram from earlier numerical and experimental studies, revealed by studying the phases on the bulk lattice and their analogs in experiment-sized finite arrays. We further describe a previously unknown region with a nematic phase stabilized by short-range entanglement and an order from disorder mechanism. Broadly our results yield a conceptual guide for future experiments, while our techniques provide a blueprint for converging numerical studies in other lattices.
Copyright and License
© The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Acknowledgement
We thank M. Endres, J. Alicea, X. Chen, and H. Changlani for interesting discussions on Rydberg atom systems as well as entangled phases. M.J.O. acknowledges financial support from a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship via grant DEG-1745301. G.K.C. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation via grant no. 2102505. G.K.C. is a Simons Investigator. Computations were conducted in the Resnick High Performance Computing Center, supported by the Resnick Sustainability Institute at the California Institute of Technology.
Contributions
M.J.O. and G.K.C. conceived the study. M.J.O. and G.K.C. contributed to the conceptual design of the new numerical methods. M.J.O. implemented the methods and carried out all numerical calculations. M.J.O. and G.K.C. analyzed the results and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
Data Availability
Data and plotting scripts for Figs. 3, 4, and 5 can be found at https://gitlab.com/mattorourke41/rydberg_public_data. All other data is available from the authors upon request.
Code Availability
Source codes for the numerical simulations are available from the authors upon request.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC10480489
- DGE-1745301
- National Science Foundation
- CHE-2102505
- National Science Foundation
- Simons Foundation
- Caltech groups
- Resnick Sustainability Institute