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Published September 28, 2023 | Published
Journal Article Open

High-dimensional time-frequency entanglement in a singly-filtered biphoton frequency comb

Abstract

High-dimensional quantum entanglement is a cornerstone for advanced technology enabling large-scale noise-tolerant quantum systems, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and distributed quantum networks. The recently developed biphoton frequency comb (BFC) provides a powerful platform for high-dimensional quantum information processing in its spectral and temporal quantum modes. Here we propose and generate a singly-filtered high-dimensional BFC via spontaneous parametric down-conversion by spectrally shaping only the signal photons with a Fabry-Pérot cavity. High-dimensional energy-time entanglement is verified through Franson-interference recurrences and temporal correlation with low-jitter detectors. Frequency- and temporal- entanglement of our singly-filtered BFC is then quantified by Schmidt mode decomposition. Subsequently, we distribute the high-dimensional singly-filtered BFC state over a 10 km fiber link with a post-distribution time-bin dimension lower bounded to be at least 168. Our demonstrations of high-dimensional entanglement and entanglement distribution show the singly-filtered quantum frequency comb's capability for high-efficiency quantum information processing and high-capacity quantum networks.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge discussions with Zhenda Xie, Changchen Chen, Abhinav Kumar Vinod, Wei Liu, Jiahui Huang, Patrick Hayden, Pengfei Fan, Mi Lei, Charles Ci Wen Lim, and Alexander Euk Jin Ling; discussions on the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with Vikas Anant; Justin Caram for the help on the heralded auto-correlation measurements with a Hydraharp. This study is supported by the Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (W911NF-21-2-0214), National Science Foundation under award numbers 1741707 (EFRI ACQUIRE), 1919355, 1936375 (QII-TAQS), and 2137984 (QuIC-TAQS). Part of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.

Contributions

These authors contributed equally: Xiang Cheng, Kai-Chi Chang.

X.C. conceived the project and designed the experiments. K.C.C. and X.C. conducted the measurements and performed data analysis. J.H.S., K.C.C., X.C., and M.C.S. contributed to the theory and numerical modeling. A.M., M.S., M.D.S., and B.K. contributed the low-jitter SNSPD detectors. F.N.C.W, J.H.S., A.F., and C.W.W. supported and discussed the studies. X.C., K.-C.C., J.H.S., and C.W.W. prepared the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion and revision of the manuscript.

Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Additional details

Created:
September 29, 2023
Modified:
September 29, 2023